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Mechanic Engineering : Fluid Mechanics1

par: M.A. Belmiloud & N.SAD. Chemloul
Disponible
Pages 328
Dimensions 16*23.5
Publication 2026-09-11
Éditeur —
Papier : 1 600.00 DA Numérique: 800.00 DA

Our experience as teachers over many years has shown that fluid mechanics is not easily mastered. Indeed, this subject requires a solid foundation in mathematics (such as mathematical operators, tensor calculus, and complex potentials), as well as a strong grounding in fundamental physics, including dimensional analysis, similarity theory, buoyancy (Archimedes’ principle), Bernoulli’s equation, and pressure losses. With this in mind, this book of solved and annotated exercises, together with concise course summaries, has been prepared for students in the “Science and Technology” field, particularly those specializing in Mechanical Engineering, Energy Engineering, and Mechanical Construction. It is also intended for third-year students in the “Materials Science” field, specializing in Energy Physics. The authors have organized the book into eight chapters. The first chapter covers definitions, fluid properties (density, viscosity, compressibility, surface tension), and vectorial quantities (stress and velocity gradients). The second chapter deals with the fundamental principles of fluid statics. Horizontal and vertical pressure forces (including Archimedes’ principle) are addressed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter focuses on the dynamics of ideal (inviscid) fluids, where Bernoulli’s equation (conservation of total mechanical energy) and the continuity equation (conservation of mass) are applied. Various applications of Bernoulli’s theorem, such as flow rate calculation, drainage, and momentum analysis, are also presented. The fifth chapter is devoted to the dynamics of real fluids, addressing the determination of flow regimes and the calculation of head losses. The sixth chapter covers fluid kinematics, including two-dimensional, steady, incompressible, rotational, and irrotational flows, as well as complex potentials. The seventh chapter focuses on dimensional analysis and the similarity theorem as applied to fluid mechanics. The eighth chapter addresses the concept of the boundary layer in both laminar and turbulent flows. The authors have endeavoured to provide detailed solutions to the exercises and have included explanatory comments that help students clearly understand the link between theory and practice. Most of the exercises in this book are based on real-world fluid mechanics problems. The authors warmly welcome any criticism or suggestions regarding the level, presentation, and selection of exercises included in this boo

Afficher la table des matières
Preface 3
Foreword 5
Table of contents 7
Chapter 1. Properties of fluids 13
1. Introduction 14
2. Definitions 14
3. Thermodynamic relations of ideal gases
4. External forces acting on a fluid volume ♣ Exercises 22
Exercise 1.1: Density and specific weight
Exercise 1.2: Weight of a liquid volume
Exercise 1.3: Dynamic viscosity 23
Exercise 1.4: Experimental determination of dynamic viscosity
Exercise 1.5: Kinematic viscosity 25
Exercise 1.6: Viscous flow over a flat plate
Exercise 1.7: Motion of a flat plate between two fluids
Exercise 1.8: Viscous flow with linear and parabolic velocity profiles
Exercise 1.9: Liquid in rotational motion
Exercise 1.10: Rotational viscometer with coaxial cylinders
Exercise 1.11: Mass density and specific weight
Exercise 1.12: Compressibility coefficient of a liquid
Exercise 1.13: Expansion coefficient of two immiscible liquids
Exercise 1.14: Bulk modulus of a fluid
Exercise 1.15: Surface tension – pulling force on a straight bar
Exercise 1.16: Shape of an air–water interface
Exercise 1.17: Floating of a needle
Exercise 1.18: Height of capillary rise
Exercise 1.19: Height of capillary depression 19
Chapter 2: Fluid statics 59
1. Introduction 60
8 Fluid mechanics 1
2. Fundamental relation of fluid statics
3. Application of the statics relation to an incompressible fluid
4. Application of the fluid statics relation to a compressible fluid
♣ Exercises 65
Exercise 2.1: Polytropic atmosphere 65
Exercise 2.2: Incompressibility of water
Exercise 2.3: Variation of pressure and temperature in the atmosphere
Exercise 2.4: Ocean pressures 70
Exercise 2.5: Superposition of liquids
Exercise 2.6: Calibration of a pressure gauge
Exercise 2.7: Measurement of pressure inside a pipeline
Exercise 2.8: Hydraulic jack 77
Exercise 2.9: Vertical variation of pressure
Exercise 2.10: Inclined U-tube manometer
Exercise 2.11: U-tube containing three liquids
Exercise 2.12: Torricelli barometer 84
Exercise 2.13: Huygens barometer 89
Exercise 2.14: U-tube with two liquids
Exercise 2.15: Two-liquid manometer 93
Exercise 2.16: Communicating-tube system 97
Exercise 2.17: Acid tank 98
Exercise 2.18: Liquid subjected to a horizontal acceleration 60
Exercise 2.19: Water container subjected to uniform rotational motion 107
Exercise 2.20: Hydrostatic tachometer 112
Chapter 3. Pressure forces 117
1. Introduction 118
2. Pressure forces exerted by a liquid on a plane surface 118
3. Pressure force exerted by a liquid on a curved surface 120
4. Submerged and floating bodies 121
♣ Exercises 123
Exercise 3.1: Square gate 123
Exercise 3.2: Thrust moment independent of depth 126
Exercise 3.3: Vertical wall subjected to two different pressure forces 128
Exercise 3.4: Tank with two gates 130
Exercise 3.5: Rectangular drain gate
Exercise 3.6: Flow control valve
Exercise 3.7: Curved surface (quarter-circle)
Exercise 3.8: Face of an arch dam
Exercise 3.9: Four-surface reservoir 146
Exercise 3.10: Pressure force exerted on a three-panel gate
Exercise 3.11: Cylinder subjected to two pressure forces
Exercise 3.12: Archimedes’ buoyant force acting on a solid body
Exercise 3.13: Equilibrium stability of a hollow cylinder
Exercise 3.14: Equilibrium stability of a cone
Exercise 3.15: Transport of wood by free flotation 166
Exercise 3.16: Equilibrium of a sphere floating on water 169
Exercise 3.17: Stability of the equilibrium of a cylinder 133
Exercise 3.18: Stability of the equilibrium of a cubic body floating between two liquids 173
Exercise 3.19: Stability of equilibrium of a floating cubic body 176
Exercise 3.20: Equilibrium of a floating hemisphere on water 178
Chapter 4. Ideal fluid dynamics 181
1. Introduction 182
2. Mass conservation equation 182
3. Momentum conservation equation 182
4. Bernoulli’s equation 183
♣ Exercises 186
Exercise 4.1: Venturi tube with piezometer tubes 186
Exercise 4.2: Venturi tube with a U-Tube mercury manometer 188
Exercise 4.3: Pitot tube connected to a U-tube manometer and a piezometer 190
Exercise 4.4: Measurement of air flow rate 193
Exercise 4.5: Mariotte bottle 194
Exercise 4.6: Flow through a siphon 197
Exercise 4.7: Nozzle supply 199
Exercise 4.8: Hydraulic circuit 203
Exercise 4.9: Draining time of a variable-cross-section reservoir 207
Exercise 4.10: Draining time of a constant cross-section reservoir 212
Exercise 4.11: Draining time of a conical tank
Exercise 4.12: Draining time of a spherical tank 21
Exercise 4.13: Equilibration time of free surfaces in two communicating tanks 220
Exercise 4.14: Draining time of a circuit with a reservoir
Exercise 4.15: Action of a jet on a stationary inclined flat plate
Exercise 4.16: Action of a jet on a vertical, stationary flat plate
Exercise 4.17: Action of a jet on a plate (different downstream cross- sections) 233
Exercise 4.18: Force acting on a reducing elbow
Exercise 4.19: Force on a curved surface
Exercise 4.20: Partial study of a Pelton turbine 237
Chapter 5. Real Fluid Dynamics 253
1. Introduction 254
2. Flow regimes 254
3. Pressure losses 255
♣ Exercises 259
Exercise 5.1: Critical velocity 259
Exercise 5.2: Linear head loss in a cast-iron pipe
Exercise 5.3: Influence of flow rate on the flow regime
Exercise 5.4: Flow of a petroleum oil
Exercise 5.5: Nature of the flow regime
Exercise 5.6: Flow rate in a galvanized pipe
Exercise 5.7: Diameter of a galvanized steel pipe
Exercise 5.8: Pumping system 275
Exercise 5.9: Dynamic and kinematic viscosity
Exercise 5.10: Pipes in series
Exercise 5.11: Gravity-driven flow 287
Exercise 5.12: Outlet pipe from a reservoir
Exercise 5.13: Hydraulic circuit 294
Exercise 5.14: Tunnel of a hydroelectric power plant
Exercise 5.15: Pipe with variable cross-section
Exercise 5.16: Nozzle at the exit of a pipeline 259
Exercise 5.17: Siphon calculation 307
Exercise 5.18: Reduction of a local head loss
Exercise 5.19: Pipeline serving both through-flow and terminal demand 311
Exercise 5.20: Double pipe 317
Nomenclature 323
Bibliography 325
12 Flu

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